Gang violence discrimination. In this tale, we see the rivalry between two different .
Gang violence discrimination. The impact of discrimination held true across time and gender. Aug 6, 2019 · By Hugo Sanchez San Salvador — The violence and discrimination suffered by the LGBTI community in El Salvador is forcing its members to leave the country or die at the hands street gangs or Aug 18, 2015 · While violent crime has decreased in many cities in the USA, gang-related violence remains a serious problem in impoverished inner city neighborhoods. A prime example in Central America is Jan 1, 2019 · By working together to focus on the prevention of gang membership, rather than solely caring for the victims of gang violence and arresting gang-involved youth, we can change the course of the future for our kids. Effects of hostile culture change include social discord, unemployment, gang, and violence. I also describe the use of tattoos that depict In the early 1960s, Black gang violence continued to grow as whites left the area. Jun 1, 2018 · People are still fleeing their home countries in the Northern Triangle and Venezuela in search of a safer place to live away from violence and instability. k. Nonetheless, impunity continued to be widespread. May 1, 2021 · The Hathras case of Uttar Pradesh like other similar cases of violence against Dalit women unveils the perennial notion of caste discrimination and the abhorrent pattern of state impunity to the perpetrators. On this page, find links to articles, awards, events, publications, and multimedia related to gangs and gang crime. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity May 19, 2024 · The process of socialization within the gang instills loyalty and adherence to the group’s norms and values, which can include violence and criminal behavior. As an organization dedicated to preventing gun violence and saving lives, Brady is committed to doing our part to champion and bolster these grassroots, community-based efforts with upstream, systematic change. The Five Points Gang had such famous members as Al Capone, Lucky Luciano, among others. May 13, 2012 · Become a Patron! Dale Noll Abstracted from: Dale Noll, Building a New Identity: Race, Gangs, and Violence in California Prisons, 66 University of Miami Law Review 847 (Spring 2012) (124 Footnotes Omitted)(Student Note) The California Prison system is notorious for its highly racialized environment. Dec 1, 2020 · Before discussing the similarities between youth gang members and child soldiers, we will first provide a theoretical overview of the developmental impacts of violence to frame the trajectory from violence exposure to violence perpetration. 'awful' The Turning Point USA co-founder and conservative commentator was fatally shot while speaking at a Utah college. Feb 11, 2025 · The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women today concluded its consideration of the combined fifth to ninth periodic report of Belize, with Committee Experts commending the State for advancing education for women and girls, while raising questions on gender-based violence in the context of gang warfare and on access to healthcare for women and girls. In speaking about comprehensive violence reduction strategies locally and across the country, it became clear that policy makers and the general public needed information and resources to better understand and support the growing field of gang intervention. Consider, for example, the Mar 3, 2021 · This Special Issue of the Journal of Trauma and Dissociation presents six articles on the impact of discrimination and violence in marginalized communities, with a mind toward identifying avenues o Apr 26, 2018 · The literature on gangs in America begins in the nineteenth century and it establishes the framework for the long and continuous portrait drawn by scholars of this particular form of collective organization . Gang members explain what it is like to be shot and to have friends and relatives killed by rival gang members. According to a report by Human Rights Watch: inhuman, and degrading treatment of over 165 million people in India has been justified on the basis of caste. 5, 11 An enduring concern for many large jurisdictions is the continued presence of gangs and gang activity, which are often associated with violence and serious crimes. She talks with Lulu Garcia-Navarro about her book The Hate U Give. Gang violence and human rights violations caused the internal displacement of about 191,000 people between 2004 and 2018, the latest official data shows. Social network research on adolescent gangs has shown that gangs are not closed social groups limiting gang members’ interpersonal contact to co-group members. The film is portrays what its like to grow up in poverty and around gang violence. Download the executive summary (pdf, 20 pages). [xlvii] Nov 2, 2004 · The California Department of Corrections' (CDC) unwritten policy of racially segregating prisoners in double cells for up to 60 days each time they enter a new correctional facility is based on the asserted rationale that it prevents violence caused by racial gangs. While the population’s demand for urgent responses is understandable, such a demand can open the door to authoritarian leaders from across the ideological spectrum to justify populist and authoritarian policies that weaken democratic guarantees. Mar 12, 2025 · Haitian deportees face discrimination and violence, perceived as criminals or a path to profit through extortion Despite a do not travel advisory issued by the U. Feb 14, 2023 · The 211-page report, “This Is Why We Became Activists: Violence Against Lesbian, Bisexual, and Queer Women and Non-binary People,” is a groundbreaking investigation into violence and We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Feb 4, 2025 · Long a chronic harm for Haitian women and girls, the use of gender-based violence (GBV) has grown dramatically in scale and ruthlessness during the country’s ongoing political and security crisis, with gangs now deploying sexual abuse as a routine means of torture and control. The Holistic Law for a Life Free of Violence for Women, promulgated in 2011, guarantees all women’s right to a life free from violence and prohibits discrimination in the application of the law, explicitly including “sexual identity” as one of the categories protected from discrimination. These acts of caste discrimination are strongly condemned under international law, to which India has often reflected on quite evasively. Joining a gang is more often a conditioned response to the experience of growing up in inner cities than a free choice. It also highlights "transnational gangs" and "gang involvement in drug trafficking along the U. An examination of gang literature demonstrated that racism has played an important role in the onset and persistence of American gangs. This gang mentality became more and more popular in the 1920s and 30s in inner city neighborhoods and ethnic ghettos. Mar 1, 2010 · It is a universal given that street gang membership facilitates violent behavior over and above association with offender peers, even prolifically offending peers (Klein, Weerman & Thornberry, 2006). Reviewer: James A. Across the globe, the phenomenon of youth gangs has become an important and sensitive public issue. These gangs band together with other local gangs for this purpose and are called _____. After 22 years, he is now eligible for parole. The Vice Lords Nation was established in 1958 in Chicago, Illinois, with the intention of assisting African Americans in overcoming poverty and discrimination within their local community. Gangs videotaped and circulated sexual assaults of kidnapped women and girls to pressure their families to pay ransoms. Feb 13, 2024 · The gangs violence matrix (GVM) has been replaced with a "precision-led" approach, the Met Police says. Feb 20, 2023 · LGBTQ communities are frequently targeted by gang violence, especially transgender women who are forced into sex work and drug trafficking. Chicago’s largely African American gang problem exploded in the 1960s, with more gangs and more violence. Therefore, this guide is important because it provides a better understanding of community-based gang intervention and outlines why Making women eat human defecation, parading them naked, gang rapes, these are women-specific crimes. The aim of our review is to draw attention to the significance of existing Feb 14, 2024 · A database used by the Metropolitan Police to identify and track people linked with gang violence is being decommissioned and replaced following long-running controversy over its discriminatory May 2, 2021 · At least 160 women have been killed in the first four months of 2021 in Guatemala — more than one per day. Our analysis showed that gang-involved youth had experienced multiple, severe and prolonged personal and interpersonal challenges in all facets of their lives and that gradual disintegration of their relationships with family This report is the second of a two-part systematic review on the predictors of youth participation in gangs and the effectiveness of interventions to reduce their involvement of youth in them and youth gang-related violence in low- and middle-income countries. BRIC was later established in 2005 as a hub for gathering strategic and tactical intelligence. In the current research, we examine the relative contribution of social bond, self The Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA)[i] continues to be affected by significant displacement. Mexican American gangs likely formed in the 1950s, if not earlier. Residents May 15, 2020 · Mexico is seeing a surge of extreme violence toward LGBT+ people in its deadliest year in half a decade, a leading rights group said on Friday, citing cases of victims brutally stabbed and On February 4, Comcavis Trans and the Organization for Salvadoran Women for Peace presented the results of a study of discrimination and violence against the LGBTQI+ community that reported 65 percent of individuals interviewed claimed to have been victims of discrimination by municipal security agents. A history of numerous instances of I discuss four types of tattoos that represent important aspects of Mexican-American identity, but that are regularly used to define people as gang members. Apr 23, 2024 · Gang members systematically use gender-based violence, including rape, femicide, kidnapping, sexual slavery, and persecution of LGBTQ+ persons, to exert territorial control over the local population. Although research has found that various social and familial factors increase the The History of Street Gangs in the United States: Their Origins and Transformations Author: James C. Collective violence, violent behavior engaged in by large numbers of people responding to a common stimulus. What is Community Gun Violence? Community gun violence is a form of interpersonal gun violence (assaults) that takes place between individuals who are not related or in an intimate relationship. [2] The surge in gang violence began in the 1990s, which has been partially attributed to United States mass Jul 28, 2025 · Quick facts and stats Community violence results in the loss of thousands of lives every year. We draw out this Mar 4, 2021 · The Hathras case follows a 2012 Delhi gang rape that galvanized a national debate on the treatment of women. Understanding the social and economic contexts that give rise to gangs is crucial for addressing the root causes of their existence. Racial discrimination was measured via 7 items assessing everyday and lifetime experiences of racial discrimination. Dec 17, 2023 · Abstract Excerpted From: Beth Caldwell, Reifying Injustice: Using Culturally Specific Tattoos as a Marker of Gang Membership, 98 Washington Law Review 787 (October, 2023) (360 Footnotes) (Full Document) The Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution prohibits discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or national origin. This s Compton, California: How the City became Notorious for Gang Violence in the 1980s and 1990s Indiana University Southeast ube, MC For those youth who are already involved in a gang and at high risk of future involvement in communi-ty-level violence, the OJJDP Comprehensive Gang Model provides a structural framework to implement a coordinated and collaborative response to gangs. May 9, 2015 · Its consequences are grim: greatly increased risk of prolonged poverty, child abuse, educational failure and youth delinquency and violence, especially among boys, whose main reason for joining Apr 7, 2018 · Corrective Rape: An Extreme Manifestation of Discrimination and the State’s Complicity in Sexual Violence Jul 14, 2020 · Gangs have been described as an episodic phenomenon comparable across diverse geographical sites, with the US gang stereotype often acting as the archetype. Dec 7, 2022 · If street gangs operated as a positive force instead of a negative one, these gangs would be working together to put an end to gun violence. Many more people are injured or witness violence in their communities. Official data on forced displacement, especially displacement due to violence, was limited in part because gangs controlled many of the neighborhoods where individuals were forced from their homes and Sep 19, 2024 · CSIS Americas deputy director and senior fellow Christopher Hernandez-Roy and associate director Juliana Rubio analyze the history and present challenges of gender-based violence in Haiti. Large movements of people travelling in ‘caravans’ since October 2018 have increased visibility of the situation but responses to the root causes of mobility remain lacking. In Syracuse, New York, gang-related murders and gun shots have topped other New York state cities. , Although gang violence subsided somewhat in the mid-1960's, gangs such as the Bloods and Crips were still prevalent in Los Angeles. C. Research has revealed that gang involvement increases the likelihood of delinquency/crime, and that youth participate in gangs for a variety of reasons including protection, status, and a sense of belonging. Community-based groups, led by BIPOC organizers, have worked relentlessly to develop community-based solutions that successfully reduce gun violence. Like their Black and Latino successors, these groups routinely engaged in collective violence Jun 13, 2025 · GENEVA – UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk said today that the human rights crisis in Haiti has plummeted to a new low, with gangs extending their reach beyond Port-au-Prince and into the central regions of the country, carrying out killings, rapes and kidnappings. It also suggests that the gangs will exist as long as ethnic or racial oppression exists. discrimination, for instance, based on an individual’s gang tattoos—but those risks apply he tattoos. 1, 5 About one-quarter of all homicides in cities As Nawojczyk explains, gangs seek to establish respect and punish disrespect through violence and the killing of members of rival gangs who show disrespect. Community and environmental factors play a crucial role in explaining why gangs thrive in communities often occupied by racial and ethnic minorities. The Black gangs, which started as protection groups, began fighting each other. Jun 24, 2024 · The principal victimizers of Honduras' LGBTI community are police and criminal gangs, according to a new report by local rights groups, highlighting how discrimination against minorities relates to the security dynamic. Violence is considered a central feature of gangs (Decker, 1996), but ethnographic research suggests violence is a more central feature of gang membership among males (Joe & Chesney-Lind, 1995). Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Authorities have historically failed to protect LGBT people from bias-motivated violence and discrimination. Protracted political instability and gang violence in 2020—often with state ties—contributed to the Haitian government’s inability to meet the basic needs of its people, resolve long Mar 7, 2018 · LGBTI persons in El Salvador and Honduras face discrimination by society, and are often targets of violence by gangs and organized crime, [50] as well as state forces. In contrast to the criminal behavior of other youths, the activities of gangs are characterized by some level of organization and continuity over time. Jul 1, 2018 · The gang literature also addresses differences between male and female members' involvement in violence. In this (at the time) modern-day star-crossed lovers story, two young teens from rival gangs fall in love while the two groups fight over turf. 7 The Law of Equality, Equity, and Eradication of Discrimination against Women was formulated in Mar 23, 2023 · Activism March 23, 2023 Indigenous Leaders Are Being Forced Into Exile Facing institutionalized violence from the government and opposition groups, some Indigenous activists in Guatemala have no Dec 5, 2023 · What we are witnessing in El Salvador is a tragic repetition of history, where state violence is gradually replacing gang violence, leaving the same vulnerable communities trapped in an endless cycle of abuse and despair,” said Ana Piquer. Grounding comparative analysis at this level reveals significant divergences in the nature Mar 17, 2024 · Many songs were about drugs, violence, discrimination, and social advancement; these motifs, the songs, and the self-portrayal of the rappers corresponded to what is currently discussed in Germany as gangsta rap (e. Abstract Grounded in the experiences of 30 gang-involved respondents in Calgary, this Canadian study examined criminal gang involvement of youth from immigrant families. Oct 1, 2023 · Different rules attach to people under criminal law once they are labeled gang members, yet this two-track system is justified under the guise that the racially disparate treatment is legitimate because of gang association. 1 Most community gun Jun 26, 2018 · The vast majority of those detained at the border from Northern Triangle countries are not gang members, but innocent people fleeing violence. " Because gang membership has so many negative health and life outcomes, even after someone leaves a gang, relying on law enforcement gang data alone would under-diagnose youth violence and limit ways to respond to it, the study found. This page provides data on gang member demographics. Sep 8, 2025 · Gang, a group of persons, usually youths, who share a common identity and who generally engage in criminal behavior. Oct 6, 2020 · Last week, it was reported that a 19-year-old Dalit woman (the Dalits were once called "Untouchables") was allegedly gang raped and assaulted by a group of upper caste men in Uttar Pradesh state Violent Women and Violence Against Women Gender Relations in the Maras and Other Street Gangs of Central America’s Northern Triangle Region Mar 1, 2019 · In a paper by Pyrooz et al. Jun 7, 2023 · Los Angeles is known for its glitz, glamour, and movie stars. Oct 16, 2024 · What can we learn from the trajectories of those who have taken part in a gang? Can they ever get out? What do they tell us about the societies in which these gangs operate? The factors associated with an increased risk of misconduct and violence perpetration are age (younger), a history of antisocial behavior (e. Nov 8, 2022 · Since gang violence typically occurs within racial and ethnic communities, gangs observed to launch counter-normative, inter-racial attacks draw attention to the variable social processes that may underpin conflict relations. This study examined its demographic composition and disparities in 103,840 records input by 222 unique law enforcement agencies between 2017 and 2022; the database was 94 per cent male, 66 per cent Hispanic, 23 per cent Black, 51 per cent 18 to 30 3 Difference, Power, and Discrimination in West Side Story By Jolene Vallejo West Side Story is a modern reinvented Romeo and Juliet story told through the streets of New York in 1961 as a musical. , and other cities in the 1850s. Uncover the truth behind the escalating gang-related crimes and discover how communities can unite to tackle this national concern. Methodology This report draws on interviews conducted with Central American migrant children, case documentation from KIND’s child clients, and interviews with government and civil society representatives to demonstrate the ways in which sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and gang violence intersect to threaten the lives of thousands of children and families in El Salvador, Honduras Throughout this Fact Sheet, the word “gang” refers to “youth gangs. In making this argument, we draw on a transnational research exchange between Glasgow and Chicago which drew on comparative ethnographic observations. It is a characteristic determined by one's birth into a particular caste, irrespective of the faith Methodology This report draws on interviews conducted with Central American migrant children, case documentation from KIND’s child clients, and interviews with government and civil society representatives to demonstrate the ways in which sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and gang violence intersect to threaten the lives of thousands of children and families in El Salvador, Honduras Gang violence and gang-related issues in the District of Columbia require immediate attention and the implementation of strategies with demonstrated effectiveness. Abstract This article is an effort to better understand the discrimination mechanisms that ex-gang members perceive upon leaving the gang and seeking to reinsert themselves into a society marked by high levels of violence and inequality, as in Central America. There is a strong correlation between gang membership and criminality supported by empirical research. This study presents a narrative review of the literature on gang culture and its association with mental health, including an in-depth overview of the topic area and reference to key systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The NGC conducted an annual survey of law enforcement agencies to assess the extent of gang problems. This situation is particularly predictive in the correctional setting. Oct 5, 2016 · Meanwhile, gangs appeal quite successfully to young men in the inner-cities. Stigmatization of gang members refers to the negative labeling and social exclusion experienced by individuals associated with gangs, which often leads to discrimination and isolation from mainstream society. At the other extreme are organized forms of collective violence, such as coups, rebellions, or war. ” 12 B. What Is Considered Gang Activity? California has a history of fighting gang violence with tough sentencing laws for close to 30 years. Jun 16, 2008 · Objective To examine racial discrimination and its relation to violence involvement among a sample of urban African American men. The study breathes new light into the field of studying gangs. May 3, 2021 · With these changes in the city’s demographics came a change in the perceptions of delinquency. LGBT individuals are targets of homophobic and transphobic violence, including by police and gang members. Nov 27, 2018 · This entry will explore the similarities and differences in gang membership between various racial/ethnic groups. This stigmatization can reinforce gang identity, making it difficult for members to escape their roles and contributing to a cycle of criminal behavior and social marginalization. Research shows that high rates of gun violence seen today have been forged by past and present racial discrimination, including historic racial segregation and disinvestment. The government cooperated with the UN-backed International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) and took significant steps to prosecute officials who committed abuses. 3 million people are now displaced by violence. Up until the 1960s, the vast majority of gang members in the United States were second- and third-generation European immigrants. At one extreme are riots or other spontaneous reactions to situations perceived as uncertain or threatening. But in 1965 after the Watts Rebellion, much of the violence between the gangs dissipated. Youth and young adults are disproportionately impacted by violence in their communities, including firearm injuries and deaths. Oct 16, 2022 · Organised criminality continues to spread across Jamaica, as the gang culture extends its tentacles far and wide, even as law enforcement has been at pains to keep it under control. Black youth who experience community violence occupy multiple environments with varying levels of influence on how they display resiliency to prevent adverse mental health outcomes. Media reported transnational criminal gangs and drug trafficking groups controlled major prisons. Some gangs allegedly received support from political and economic elites. While the juvenile delinquency in New York City included gangs of various racial and ethnic backgrounds, there was a much larger sense of sympathy for White gangs than there was for Black or Latino gangs. Oct 29, 2020 · We all know the harm that gangs can do but can they ever be good for society? And what constitutes a gang anyway? Three experts from the University discuss the issues. Densley | January 2016 It has been 90 years since Frederic Thrasher’s (1927) The Gang first established the American street gang as an empirical object of study. Despite its limitations, the subculture of violence theory has been influential in shaping criminological research and policy, particularly in the areas of gang violence, organized crime, and domestic violence. Jun 9, 2021 · Findings Demographics of asylum seekers In this study, 81 percent (107 people) were seeking asylum due to domestic violence [26] and 29 percent (38 people) due to persecution by organized gangs; 10 percent (13 people) had experienced both domestic and gang violence. Gangs in urban and rural America are depicted as deviant , engaging in illegal activity , such as robbing banks and stagecoaches, stealing cattle, and the running of gambling joints and Feb 14, 2025 · Importantly, gun violence in Black communities is a direct cause and consequence of the systematic, structural disadvantaging of these populations. The study's hypothesis is that gangs can be defined as a social problem. Although the implicit aim of this research is to reduce serious youth violence, it is hampered, she Relatedly, external threats, specifically violence from other groups, can provide the impetus for gang development in neighborhoods marked by disorder; thus, other explanations center on violence and the role that gangs play in mitigating this threat while serving as a protective factor for the youth in the community. Public housing high-rises became gang incubators and drug turf battlegrounds beginning in the 1970s. 5 As gun violence plagues these communities, it leads to diminished Jul 12, 2018 · Abstract This article is an effort to better understand the discrimination mechanisms that ex-gang members perceive upon leaving the gang and seeking to reinsert themselves into a society marked by high levels of violence and inequality, as in Central America. Different rules attach to people under criminal law once they are labeled gang members, yet this two-track system Dominant theoretical explanations of racial disparities in criminal offending overlook a key risk factor associated with race: interpersonal racial discrimination. Gangs, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking organizations committed considerable violence; corruption and inadequate investigation made prosecution of such Dec 13, 2022 · A civil gang injunction is a lawsuit filed by a district attorney or city attorney in a civil court and approved by a judge, alleging that a gang and its members have occupied a specific geographic area or “safety zone” within a city in a manner that constitutes a “public nuisance” (National Association of District Attorneys 2009). Aug 27, 2020 · The government’s response to known connections of law enforcement officers to violent racist and militant groups has been strikingly insufficient. Download the complete book (pdf, 166 Gang activity, including attacks on and exploitation of nonmembers, was the primary contributor to violence-related internal displacement. We can act now on what we know about shared risk factors — such as poverty, immigration, discrimination and social isolation — to implement general prevention strategies and programs that are racially, ethnically and culturally sensitive while continuing to explore whether additional racially and ethnically specific gang-membership prevention programming is needed. In this context, an increasing level of research attention has focused on the development of universalized definitions of gangs in a global context. Since 1994, over 600 have been killed, according to four Salvadoran LGBT rights LGBT people are frequently targets of discrimination, extortion, and violence from gangs, the national civil police and military police, and members of the public. Rocket science, after all, is about precision in the application of mathematic and scientific principles. Feb 1, 2025 · Exploring the alarming rise of gang violence in America, this article delves into the factors driving this crisis, its devastating impact, and potential solutions. [51][52] Due to difficulties identifying and documenting sexuality- and gender-based crimes and high levels of impunity, the majority of cases of violence against LGBTI community Feb 10, 2025 · El Salvador has, in recent decades, become notorious for its extreme levels of violence, consistently ranking among the most violent nations in the world. The goals are to curb gang-related crime, help children stay out of gangs, and deal with emotional aftermath of violence. Usually, the word "gang" refers to street gangs (a. Conflicts are dealt with through guns, violence, and killing. Recent advances can be traced to shifts in the empirical social reality and conditions within which gangs exist and act. e. May 24, 2025 · Explore the complexities of gang violence in the US, its impact on communities, and the role of the criminal justice system. Members instead focused on fighting police brutality and other social injustices. Many youth view gang Elizabeth Piper Deschenes1 and Finn-Aage Esbensen2 Most research on violence has focused on males, but recent studies indicate that females are also involved in violent crimes. Gang-led civic unrest and electoral violence followed in all these areas. Some 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs are criminally active in the U. Be-cause the study used several databases, gang homicide trends dur-ing the decade were examined in two parts: the early to mid-1990 Gang-related violence is an important factor prompting people, including unaccompanied children and young adults, to leave the country. . The vocabulary of black street gangs is noted, as well as the use of graffiti, tattoos, and hand signs. Image from photographer Bruce Davidson's essay Brooklyn Gang (1959) ___ When West Side Story debuted on Broadway in September 1957, the show immediately gained fame for its bold artistic vision and unflinching engagement with social concerns of the day: racial unrest, urban gang violence, immigration and altercations with the police. Gang youth represent an important group to be targeted for prevention and intervention programs. The societal upheaval during this era, including civil rights movements and protests against racial discrimination, often led to feelings of disconnection and disillusionment, which made sense of belonging and protection offered by gangs appealing to many. Twenty-first-century scholarship continues to refine and, in some cases, supplant long-held axioms about gang formation, organization, and behavior. Further, joining a gang is a predictable consequence for youth surrounded by unemployment and poverty, an entrenched gang subculture, and dangerous levels of crime and violence. Research-based evidence on how race and ethnicity should influence gang membership prevention strategies is still limited. Dietrich and Seeliger, 2022). This review will define gang Street gangs first emerged on a broad scale in U. Dec 13, 2024 · The City of Los Angeles agreed to pay $30 million to thousands of people affected by gang injunctions. It's far more complex. Dress codes are so entangled up in systems of oppression and violence, that designing and enforcing them seriously risks reinforcing racism, sexism, classism, and other forms of oppression. Sep 8, 2025 · The FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program released the “Gang Activity, 2021-2024” special report on the FBI’s Crime Data Explorer (CDE). ” Student in Honduras Aug 4, 2016 · In this article, we argue that new theoretical and methodological tools are required to understand the global gang phenomenon from the bottom–up. El Salvador has among the world’s highest Feb 9, 2024 · The already dire human rights situation in Haiti has deteriorated even further amid unrelenting and expanding gang violence, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk warned on Friday. Moreover, e Romero faces a unique risk of harm from his former gang is largely unhelpful, since “group recognition must be determined by the perception of society as a whole, rather than ‘solely *Youth Gangs in African America, and urban America from 1970 is briefly discussed on this dates Registry. While a Unlike older gangs based on race or neighborhood loyalty, the new generation of gangs is singularly focused on making money from drugs, robberies, and prostitution. Multivariate Feb 9, 2024 · Through Starr’s journey, the book sheds light on the realities of gang violence, discrimination, and the struggles faced by marginalized communities. Gang leaders not only engage young men, but sometimes act as a “substitute parent” to them, thus endearing them to gang values and the criminal lifestyle. Methods Participants of this cross-sectional study were African American men (N = 703) between the ages of 18 and 65 years, recruited from four urban community health centers and two hospital-based clinics within an urban center in the Northeast. According to a recent UN report, several local sources in different parts of the capital, Port-au-Prince, said there Oct 7, 2020 · LGBT people from Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala, sometimes called the Northern Triangle, often face violence and discrimination from their families, gangs, and even the police. Back then, gangs were “playgroups” found only in Jun 6, 2023 · Yes, the social and racial unrest of the 1960s contributed to the rise of gang membership. Among other things, it demonstrated that gang members were a more significant disciplinary problem and threat generally than non-gang members behind bars. Oct 27, 2023 · The “gang” label has been so highly racialized that white people who self- identify as gang members are almost never categorized as “gang members” by law enforcement, while Black and Latino people who are not gang members are routinely labeled and targeted as if they were. The limited role that women often play in gang violence may affect their culpability Jun 22, 2021 · In March, Human Rights Watch published a report on violence and discrimination against LGBT people in Guatemala. today. Sep 15, 2013 · The roles of race and ethnicity in gang membership are becoming increasingly complicated; more gangs are becoming multiracial, which affects the role of race and ethnicity, especially with respect to conflicts between gangs. Manhattan Five Points area. Abstract Findings suggest that gangs are perceived by the general public, and by local and Federal agencies, as a problem worthy of attention. Jul 27, 2024 · Abstract The California Gang Database (CalGang) is the first, largest and arguably most controversial shared gang database in the United States. Based on 24 in-depth interviews with former members of MS-13, the 18 th Street gang, and other street gangs in El Salvador, this Find answers to a list of frequently asked questions about gangs including topics such as demographics of gang members and gang prevention. Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) gang members wait to be escorted upon arrival at the maximum-security jail in Zacatecoluca, El Salvador, January 31, 2019. Providing practitioners with an overview of the evolution of gang-related asylum claims and specific information on the standards that apply under international law. May 4, 2023 · The move was supposed to crack down on gangs, but it puts women at further risk of violence. Advances have been made in defining the nature of youth gangs and their activities, the motivations for joining, and the risk and protective factors that influence involvement in a gang lifestyle. Mexico border. A record 1. Amid more than 20,000 complaints of violence, few facilities are available for women to What the org has to say: “The mission of the Anti-Violence Partnership of Philadelphia (AVP) is to reduce the entire cycle of violence by providing a wide range of services from support and counseling for victims and their families to rebuild their lives in the aftermath of violence. These gangs would be working together to mentor Sep 8, 2021 · In each case, social bonds moderated the association. Have You Faced Discrimination Because You Experienced Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Harassment or Assault, or Stalking? Survivors of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual harassment or assault, and stalking can face problems with their housing, jobs, schools, and in other situations because of the abuse they have experienced. Apr 6, 2022 · What Do Chicago Gangs Provide to Their Members? Confronted with discrimination and violence, gangs evolve and serve members differently, even when patterned after existing groups. With all this context in mind, there are many questions that need to be considered. Black Chicago Gang Members: Perceptions of Gang Violence and Activism “This life comes with death in a can, I don’t know why it excites people. Impunity in cases of violence against women remains the norm. due to widespread violence in Given the extensive presence of Barrio 18, MS-13, and other offshoot gangs throughout Guatemala, and the ability of the gangs to learn about the location of people deported there through corrupt state actors providing them access to official databases, gang resisters and victims of gang violence are generally not safe anywhere in Guatemala. Other variables related to gang involvement regardless of race or immigrant status were the desires for money, respect, protection, and friendship. Profiles of typical gang members are included. Petitioner Johnson, an African-American inmate who has been intermittently double-celled under the policy's terms ever since his This article evaluates the factors impacting support for tough on crime policies in El Salvador. , drug use, prior criminal justice involvement), antisocial peers or gang involvement, and mental health problems. g. Violence by gangs and other organized criminal groups has reached epidemic levels in Honduras, and the primary victims of this violence are children and youth “It’s sad because the young people are disappearing because they are being killed. Mirroring this trend, academic researchers have increasingly sought to survey the global topography of gangs through positivist methodologies that seek out universal characteristics of gangs in different cultural contexts. Sep 12, 2025 · Charlie Kirk called Martin Luther King Jr. 178p. ” The term “gang homicides” refers to incidents that involve gang members as victims and/or offenders; some cities reported figures on more narrowly defined, gang-motivated incidents. This article explains the history of groups such as MS-13 and Barrio 18 and why they are relevant for immigration policy. This study expands on those studies by using data on gang dynamics from the Denver Youth Survey and bringing theory and concepts directly related to street gangs to the analysis of the Mar 25, 2021 · In 2012, a number of young African-Australians lodged a complaint of racial discrimination against Victoria Police, alleging they'd been subject to ongoing racial profiling in the Melbourne Caste-related violence in India has occurred and continues to occur in various forms. Division of Support Among Young Adult Somalis for Gangs and Violent Radicalism In the Longitudinal Study, some participants expressed support for gangs without expressing support for violent radicalism. cities in the late 19th century in step with industrialization, urbanization, and mass waves of European immigration. Despite efforts to separate gang leaders, the continuation of gang-related and coordinated killings in Fraijanes II prison suggested gang members were able to communicate across prisons and organize killings. But gangsta rap was not a term that the young people used of their own accord. Singleton shows how responsibility and structure are more important than hyper-masculinity and violence. Oct 4, 2010 · Gangs promise young people an easy way to make money, through robbery, or selling drugs, which becomes much more appealing for those who have less or want to support their families. 1. Immigration policy is about the behavior of millions of human beings and the politics of entire nations. Sexual Violence Against Girls Pregnancy during adolescence and early parenthood affects thousands of girls in Guatemala. However, the international community has failed to recognize both the severity and systemic nature of gender-based violence by gang members. Feb 18, 2023 · Suzella Palmer argues that much of (mainstream) UK gang research has obscured the ‘relevance of racism’, choosing instead to pathologies young black males. ” He has been active in restorative justice and ending gang violence through self-help groups that he facilitates. Gang rapes are mostly of Dalit women. Furthermore, having family member or friends in gangs increases the likelihood of joining a gang. 2 For people 25 to 34 Failed talks with MS-13 gang allegedly triggered a March 2022 violence surge. Theoretical and empirical research and evaluation efforts continue with the goal of better understanding and responding to this issue. Few studies, to date, have examined whether different or similar models explain male and female involvement in viol ent behavior. But governments on both sides often rely on outdated and static understandings of gangs and their membership. So, research ARTICLE: Gang violence is a major driver of migration, particularly from Central America to the United States. This s Abstract Although there is an abundance of research done on gang members, gang activity, and gang activity in low-income neighborhoods, there is not much research that focuses on the community trauma in low-income neighborhoods; and any relations it may have on or to gang members. law Dec 23, 2024 · Synthesis without meta-analysis found a preventive effect of psychosocial interventions in middle schools on gang membership. youth gangs), groups who take over territory ("turf") in a particular city, sometimes simply For nearly a century, gang scholarship has remained foundational to criminological theory and method. Although gang violence is a feature of everyday life in some parts of the world, the adjudication of claims of gang-based persecution has been limited mainly to Canada, Mexico and the United States and these cases have been Mar 1, 2021 · Depicting “the system”: How structural racism and disenfranchisement in the United States can cause dynamics in community violence among males in urban black communities Aug 11, 2021 · Stephen J. Abstract Studies comparing gang members to similarly situated non-gang members find youth gang involvement is positively associated with experiencing simple and aggravated assault (i. The Short Answer/Research Points Although there is limited research on female-on-female violence in the context of gang-violence and other organized crime, there is a good amount of literature on general female criminality, the role of women in gangs, and the impact of victimization on female criminal behavior. While this goal is laudable, the tough stance the Feelings of victimization and discrimination, especially incidents of violence targeting Muslims and Islamic symbols, can lead to alienation and feelings of threat that foster radicalization. Human Rights Watch found that lesbians and transgender men face extensive discrimination and violence in their Dec 5, 2023 · A report by Amnesty International says El Salvador is experiencing one of the worst human rights crises since the country's 1980-1992 civil war, because of President Nayib Bukele's harsh anti-gang crackdown. Oct 7, 2020 · The governments of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras have failed to effectively address violence and entrenched discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity LGBT people in Honduras are frequently the targets of violence and discrimination, according to Human Rights Watch research. The gang problem in the United States persists, even though violent crime and property crime rates have dropped dra-matically. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following gangs has been the most active in drug trafficking across the United States?, Which of the following drugs hit the streets in the late 1980s and contributed to the expansion, violence, and criminal gang operations?, Which of the following takes place the earliest in gang development? and more. Dec 14, 2024 · After decades of reporting on gang violence and juvenile justice around the world, I find it disappointing to watch my country abandon rights-based and restorative juvenile justice because of fear Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relation of reported racial discrimination to recent perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), street violence involvement, and gang involvement. Howell Publisher: Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015. In the Stone (2000) reader, the authors from the National Gang Crime Research Center had collected data on over 4,000 incarcerated gang members nationwide. The Hathras story is a reminder of the ongoing violence Dalit women in India experience. (2011) they compare prison to street gangs arguing that “prison gangs are more controlled, organized versions of street gangs … exhibit higher levels of racial and ethnic homogeneity, instrumental violence, entrepreneurial violence, and unqualified loyalty to the gang”. For More Information Read more about the book. Jul 28, 2022 · The concept of a gang has racial implication due to historical discrimination of young Black and Brown men. Dec 5, 2011 · This 93-page report is based on more than 120 interviews conducted in six provinces. This report includes information on the history of gang development and modern day gangs in the U. Jun 19, 2024 · Mexico has become one of the largest migratory corridors in the world, and a group is focusing on helping LGBTQ migrants, who face added discrimination. Acts of Violence, Discrimination, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity The law states that sexual orientation and gender identity characteristics merit special protection from discrimination and includes these characteristics in a hate crimes amendment to the penal code. Human rights organizations also reported instances of gender-based violence as “retaliation” by one gang against populations controlled by rival gangs. And yet, U. [1] This violence, including homicides, sexual assaults, extortion, beatings, and murders, is largely driven by gang activity. Many are sophisticated and well organized; all use violence to control neighborhoods Oct 30, 2024 · This paper presents a top-down approach to gang prevention, emphasizing the importance of addressing the complex structural conditions that accumulate to foster gang activity. Mar 13, 2025 · Associate Professor of Anthropology Chelsea Kivland discusses the discrimination and other problems Haitian migrants are facing after they are deported from the United States. 1 For youth ages 10 to 24, homicide is the second leading cause of death. This discussion focuses on multiculturalism as a policy for reducing gang violence, rather than strategies that have been used to deal with youth gangs, which include community organization, social intervention, provision of social and economic opportunities, organizational development, and suppression. , violent victimization). Specifically, I discuss how tattoos and symbols of people’s racial identities or places of origin, such as “Mexicano” or “Brown Pride,” have been used as evidence of gang membership. Williams is a writer incarcerated in California and the self-published author of "The Malignant Ideology: Exploring the Connection Between Black History and Gang Violence. Oct 7, 2020 · The 138-page report, “Every Day I Live in Fear”: Violence and Discrimination against LGBT People in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, and Obstacles to Asylum in the United States Introduction Organized crime, drug traficking, and gang violence are serious concerns throughout the region. Engaging in a Much of the research, both past and present, centers on the association between race and ethnicity and the impacts of social disorganization, discrimination, immigration, and cumulative disadvantage. Mar 1, 2021 · In Colombian port town, LGBTQ community faces increasing threats Attacks against the LGBTQ community have caused many to flee as a new wave of armed conflict violence frightens locals. One such gang, The Five Points gang named for the area, was one of the most infamous and dangerous gangs in history. "Counting or not counting gang violence?" Kirk replied. Furthermore, meta-analysis found that focused deterrence strategies prevented gang-involved violence, and that psychosocial support during probation decreased crime recidivism. However, the city is also known for its gangs. ” This is a quote from 20-year-old Chicagoan Shaquan Thomas, better known by his rap name Young Pappy. While their gang membership is largely a reaction to the inequities and marginality they face from the police, unemployment, and poverty, efforts they undertake to survive—joining gangs, selling drugs, carrying weapons—only deepen their vulnerability to discrimination, involvement in the criminal legal system, and interpersonal violence. 11 BRIC oversees the BsPD’s gang database and works alongside the YVSF “to gather and analyze data and information pertaining to criminal activity that often result in cycles of retaliatory violence perpetrated against rival gangs and groups. Other Societal Violence or Discrimination Followers of Afro-Brazilian religions such as Candomblé and Umbanda faced more discrimination and violence than other religious groups, according to BBC Brasil. But court records show around half of the money remains unclaimed, and a federal judge Aug 31, 2023 · The violence that you talked about, we have seen 350 acts of violence or threats of violence against our community — this is a poll that we do or a measurement that we do with the ADL — in the INL seeks to gain a better understanding of the dynamics that can lead to violence—including state-sanctioned violence—against LGBTQI+ community members and how discriminatory beliefs and norms held by individuals, including those in positions of authority, can lead to harmful outcomes for victims of discrimination. a. The Hate U Give is a gripping and timely exploration of the impact of societal inequality and a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the effects of gang violence. Consequently, the problems street gangs pose to any ordered society are considerable and worthy of research attention. However, as time passed, the organization transformed into one of the largest criminal groups in the United States, expanding its presence to nearly every city and town across the country. Controlling for other factors previously found to influence the structure of gang-on-gang conflict, this study investigated whether gangs launching inter-racial attacks Apr 26, 2023 · The 107-page report, “Deadly Decline: Security Force Abuses and Democratic Crisis in Peru,” documents excessive use of force by security forces, due process violations and abuses against Gangs and Youth ViolenceTHE ROOTS OF URBAN GANGSFAMILY LIFE AND GANG MEMBERSHIPTHE GHETTOIZATION OF CHICANO AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN POPULATIONSNEWER IMMIGRANT POPULATIONSGANGS AS SOCIAL SUPPORTBIBLIOGRAPHY Source for information on Gangs and Youth Violence: Encyclopedia of Race and Racism dictionary. Considering the recent rise of mental health concerns (i. Theories Explaining Gang Formation Strain Theory GENEVA (27 July 2023) – UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk on Thursday expressed deep concern at the recent spike in violence, fuelled in part by gangs vying for control of the narcotics trade, raging gang violence inside and outside the prison system, and a worrying backward step on the protection of the rights of Indigenous Peoples. In the title, we use the metaphor of “smoke” to represent the underlying structural conditions that are often overlooked or ignored, while “fire” symbolizes the resulting consequences of this neglect Nov 10, 2014 · And as we’ve quickly touched on, it goes beyond sexualized violence. Abstract Youth gangs are not a new phenomenon in Canada. Armed gangs were also responsible for conflicts resulting in killings, brutal attacks on citizens, targeted instances of sexual violence, mutilation of human remains, widespread displacement, and the destruction of homes and property. Caste is descent-based and hereditary in nature. It typically occurs in public places — streets, parks, front porches — in communities across America, and it makes up most gun homicides that occur in the United States. Riots and extreme violence occurred on election days in New Orleans, New York, Washington, D. Gun violence is a racial justice issue. As we come to understand the race/ethnicity/gang membership relationship more clearly, the intent is to develop ideas on how to become more effective at preventing gang membership among the various racial/ethnic groups. Nov 7, 2017 · The effort is bringing together civic leaders, police, educators, community groups and religious leaders. Discrimination has also been a feature of the response of authorities to refugees and asylum seekers in other parts of the world. Examining theoretical and empirical scholarly work, we look at how fear, together with social and political contexts drive public appetite for punitive Jul 31, 2014 · Immigration policy isn't rocket science. Nov 22, 2024 · Beyond stereotypes: understanding the real dynamics of gangs How are gangs formed and why do people join them? An ERC-funded research project studied gangs in different countries in search of these answers. Reasons for displacement are multi-causal, with people fleeing violence perpetrated by both State and non-State… This report is the second of a two-part systematic review on the predictors of youth participation in gangs and the effectiveness of interventions to reduce their involvement of youth in them and youth gang-related violence in low- and middle-income countries. In contrast, White respondents never indicated that experiences of racial discrimination were linked to their gang involvement. May 6, 2024 · Calling on criminal gangs to put an immediate end to all forms of gender-based violence, the experts expressed alarm towards the authorities’ serious and continued failure to protect and fulfil the rights of women and girls in this crisis. Los Angeles gangs have been a part of the city of angels for decades and remain a significant problem. As it turned out, it opened in close conjunction with the Sep 12, 2025 · The person said five was the number, then asked Kirk if he knew how many mass shooters in total America had seen in the last 10 years. Some gang leaders who had been convicted and sentenced to prison in El Salvador were identified and arrested abroad. S. Apr 13, 2023 · Gang involvement and delinquency are prominent issues frequently examined in criminal justice scholarship. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Whether the gang problem is increasing or decreasing, How gangs may be classified, What type of crimes gangs typically engage in and more. Socioeconomic and environmental influences attract young people to gangs. Jan 22, 2019 · Indigenous groups and human rights activists worry that the violence that raged through their communities in the 1970s and 1980s is making a comeback. Last week’s much-publicised land scam in Clifton, St Catherine is Jun 2, 2003 · India's "Untouchables" Face Violence, Discrimination More than 160 million people in India are considered "Untouchable"—people tainted by their birth into a caste system that deems them impure Feb 26, 2017 · In Angie Thomas' novel, Starr Carter lives in a gang-ravaged area and goes to a school where she's one of only a few black students. Dec 11, 2023 · The state of exception in Honduras is endangering innocent lives The heavy-handed security measures introduced to tackle gang violence have triggered a spike in abuses and deaths. In this tale, we see the rivalry between two different Gang violence continued at high rates in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. It is shaped by considerations of politics, economics, culture, history, and ethics. A gang defined in the dictionary is groups of individuals who share a common identity and, in current usage, engage in illegal activities. Aug 1, 2019 · The topic of stigma and discrimination has been explored among various criminal justice populations; however, few studies have examined the stigma associated with being a former gang member. A full-scale coup was attempted by Democratic gangs led by planter elites in New Orleans in 1859. We provide comprehensive and collaborative programs throughout Philadelphia in schools, social service Sep 5, 2019 · In some instances, the violence has been inflamed by the hate-filled rhetoric of politicians who have wrongly labelled foreign nationals “criminals” and accused them of burdening the health system. Building on recent studies that analyze race and crime at the micro-level, we specify Nov 1, 2017 · In the current review, four main areas are discussed: 1) risk factors for female youths' gang involvement, 2) the extent and characteristics of female gang members' violence and crime, 3) the influence of gender on victimization experiences resulting from gang membership, and 4) female gang members' desistance from gang life. tash lwvl9 44 0y i9b5y wfq pxt ibqe0 nqi m8nyje